The Neurochemistry of Love

Feb 14 2011 Published by under Brain & Behavior

Hearts (Explored!)My love is as a fever, longing still
For that which longer nurseth the disease,
Feeding on that which doth preserve the ill,
The uncertain sickly appetite to please.
My reason, the physician to my love,
Angry that his prescriptions are not kept,
Hath left me, and I desperate now approve
Desire is death, which physic did except.
Past cure I am, now reason is past care,
And frantic-mad with evermore unrest;
My thoughts and my discourse as madmen's are,
At random from the truth vainly express'd;
For I have sworn thee fair and thought thee bright,
Who art as black as hell, as dark as night.
~ Sonnet 147, William Shakespeare

The pursuit of romantic love is a greater driving force than the sex drive, according to Rutgers University anthropologist Helen Fisher, who studies the neuroscience of love.  As she describes it, symptoms of love are indeed quite powerful:

Romantic love begins as an individual comes to regard another as special, even unique. The over then intensely focuses his or her attention on this preferred individual, aggrandizing the beloved's better traits and overlooking or minimizing his or her flaws. Lovers experience extreme energy, hyper activity, sleeplessness, impulsivity, euphoria, and mood swings. They are goal-oriented and strongly motivated to win the beloved. Adversity heightens their passion [ . . . ] They reorder their daily priorities to remain in contact with their sweetheart , and experience separation anxiety when apart. And most feel powerful empathy for their amour; many report they would die for their beloved.

In fact, love can affect your brain like an addiction.  When love is reciprocated it's a constructive addiction, while rejection of love is a destructive addiction.  It's powerful effects have shaped and been shaped by evolution, and - Fisher argues - have even helped drive the development of human culture.

Here's an interesting lecture at UC San Diego where Fisher talks about the evolution and neuroscience of romantic love and the development of poetry and art (20 minutes):

If you are interested in more, also check out Fisher's 2008 TED talk about the brains in love (16 min.):

Happy Valentine's Day!

Technical reading:

Fisher HE et al. "Reward, Addiction and Emotion Regulation Systems Associated With Rejection in Love" J. Neurophysiol 104: 51-60 (2010)  (free pdf)

Fisher H "The Drive to Love: The Neural Mechanism for Mate Selection" in The New Psychology of Love, 2nd Edition. RJ Sternberg and K Weis (Eds.) New Haven: Yale University Press (2006) (free pdf)

Fisher HE et al. "Romantic love: a mammalian brain system for mate choice"  Phil Trans R Soc B 360: 2173-2186. (2006) (free pdf)

More of Fisher's publications.

Image: Hearts (Explored!) by qthomasbower, on Flickr

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Green Christmas Trees

Dec 13 2010 Published by under Biology & Environment

This weekend was the annual Christmas tree lighting in the small  park in front my local City Hall.  As you can see from the picture, the decorations aren't the most inspired - nothing but white lights, large ornaments (which you can't see after dusk) and a broad white garland that unfortunately looks a bit toilet paper-like when viewed from a distance.

I personally prefer more brightly colored holiday decor. But one of the nice things is that no tree was killed to decorate our civic center. It grows there year round, providing greenery even in the hottest part of summer. Very ecologically sound, that.

Of course a living tree isn't a usually a practical option when you put up a Christmas tree in your living room. It's not just that a tall potted fir is difficult to move. You also need someplace to put the tree when Christmas is over and the decorations have been removed – planting it in your yard requires a lot of space, considering that firs and spruces and pines can grow as tall as 100 feet.

But I was interested to read about another option in the LA Times this weekend.  The Living Christmas Co. rents potted Christmas trees for the season. You just pick out your tree, and it will be delivered to your home - assuming you live in western LA County, then picked up again after Christmas.  You can even adopt a special tree of your own to be delivered year after year. It's both easy and "green".

The company's owner,  Scott "Scotty Claus" Martin explains his philosophy:

"How, on one hand can something mean new hope, new joy, new love, and on the other hand be so easily discarded? And is that really Christmas?" he said.

The company's mission is not just to be sustainable but "regenerative," he said. Beyond saving trees, that means using all recyclable materials, running delivery trucks on biodiesel and employing adults with disabilities to maintain the trees around the year.

There are similar companies in San Diego, San Francisco, Portland and many other cities.

The down side is that it seems a bit pricey. A 6 foot tree costs $80 to rent, plus another $40  for delivery and pickup.   Adopting a specific tree costs another $50 per year, only offset a bit by a $20 credit towards the next year's rental. And of course a living tree requires more TLC than one that's going to end up on the curb come January.

Despite the cost and extra care required, I find the idea pretty appealing. It just seems so wasteful to cut down a tree, only to toss it out after a couple of weeks. We usually don't spend Christmas at home, so the past few years we've only put up a token little artificial tree.  But if tree rental becomes popular enough to spread way out the the 'burbs where we live, maybe we'll give it a try.

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